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The length of a whip antenna is determined by the wavelength of the radio waves it is used with. Their length varies from compact electrically short antennas 1 / 10 wavelength long, up to 5 / 8 wavelength to improve directivity. The most common type is the quarter-wave whip, which is approximately 1 / 4 wavelength long.
A whip antenna with several rods extending horizontally from base of the whip in a star-shaped pattern, similar to an upside-down radiate crown, that form the artificial, elevated ground plane that gives the antenna its name. The ground plane rods attach to the ground wire of the feedline, the other wire feeds the whip.
A whip aerial on the nose received control signals, and an antenna on the tail gun position transmitted the camera signal. To improve reception, the mother ship had a directional receiving aerial. A smoke canister under the aircraft could be used to leave a trail to improve observation by the mother ship.
Common types of low-gain omnidirectional antennas are the whip antenna, "Rubber Ducky" antenna, ground plane antenna, vertically oriented dipole antenna, discone antenna, mast radiator, horizontal loop antenna (sometimes known colloquially as a 'circular aerial' because of the shape) and the halo antenna.
The quarter-wave whip and rubber ducky antennas used with handheld radios such as walkie-talkies and portable FM radios are also monopole antennas. In these portable devices the antenna does not have an effective ground plane, the ground side of the transmitter is just connected to the ground connection on its circuit board.
A television antenna, also called a television aerial (in British English), is an antenna specifically designed for use with a television receiver (TV) to receive terrestrial over-the-air (OTA) broadcast television signals from a television station.
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An example of a high-gain antenna is a parabolic dish such as a satellite television antenna. Low-gain antennas have shorter range, but the orientation of the antenna is relatively unimportant. An example of a low-gain antenna is the whip antenna found on portable radios and cordless phones.