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Database normalization is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance with a series of so-called normal forms in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. It was first proposed by British computer scientist Edgar F. Codd as part of his relational model. Normalization entails organizing the columns ...
Denormalization is a strategy used on a previously- normalized database to increase performance. In computing, denormalization is the process of trying to improve the read performance of a database, at the expense of losing some write performance, by adding redundant copies of data or by grouping data. [1][2] It is often motivated by ...
Unnormalized form. In database normalization, unnormalized form (UNF or 0NF), also known as an unnormalized relation or non-first normal form (N1NF or NF 2), [1] is a database data model (organization of data in a database) which does not meet any of the conditions of database normalization defined by the relational model.
Star schema. In computing, the star schema or star model is the simplest style of data mart schema and is the approach most widely used to develop data warehouses and dimensional data marts. [1] The star schema consists of one or more fact tables referencing any number of dimension tables. The star schema is an important special case of the ...
Domain-key normal form. Domain-key normal form (DK/NF or DKNF) is a normal form used in database normalization which requires that the database contains no constraints other than domain constraints and key constraints. A domain constraint specifies the permissible values for a given attribute, while a key constraint specifies the attributes ...
Sixth normal form. Sixth normal form (6NF) is a normal form used in relational database normalization which extends the relational algebra and generalizes relational operators (such as join) to support interval data, which can be useful in temporal databases. The term 6NF has historically also been used to refer to another normalization degree ...
The third normal form (3NF) is a normal form used in database normalization. 3NF was originally defined by E. F. Codd in 1971. [2] Codd's definition states that a table is in 3NF if and only if both of the following conditions hold: The relation R (table) is in second normal form (2NF). No non-prime attribute of R is transitively dependent on ...
Fourth normal form (4NF) is a normal form used in database normalization. Introduced by Ronald Fagin in 1977, 4NF is the next level of normalization after Boyce–Codd normal form (BCNF). Whereas the second, third, and Boyce–Codd normal forms are concerned with functional dependencies, 4NF is concerned with a more general type of dependency ...