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A major figure in the development of archaeology into a rigorous science was army officer and ethnologist Augustus Pitt Rivers, [42] who began excavations on his land in England in the 1880s. Highly methodical by the standards of the time, he is widely regarded as the first scientific archaeologist.
Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-facts) and cultural landscapes (the archaeological record). The development of the field of archaeology ...
Destructive human processes, such as agriculture and land development, may damage or destroy potential archaeological sites. [3] Other threats to the archaeological record include natural phenomena and scavenging. Archaeology can be a destructive science for the finite resources of the archaeological record are lost to excavation.
The discovery of human antiquity was a major achievement of science in the middle of the 19th century, and the foundation of scientific paleoanthropology.The antiquity of man, human antiquity, or in simpler language the age of the human race, are names given to the series of scientific debates it involved, which with modifications continue in the 21st century.
Archaeological stratification or sequence is the dynamic superimposition of single units of stratigraphy or contexts. [16] The context (physical location) of a discovery can be of major significance. Archaeological context refers to where an artifact or feature was found as well as what the artifact or feature was located near. [17]
An archaeological site with human presence dating from 4th century BCE, Fillipovka, South Urals, Russia.This site has been interpreted as a Sarmatian Kurgan.. An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of ...
An archaeological team excavates a portion of a site of a planned Related Group residential tower complex on the Miami River in Brickell where a remarkable trove of prehistoric indigenous finds ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to archaeology: Archaeology – study of cultures through the recovery, documentation, and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture , artifacts , biofacts , human remains, and landscapes .