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  2. Transistor computer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_computer

    A transistor computer, now often called a second-generation computer, [1] is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The first generation of electronic computers used vacuum tubes, which generated large amounts of heat, were bulky and unreliable. A second-generation computer, through the late 1950s and 1960s featured ...

  3. History of computing hardware (1960s–present) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing...

    Third-generation computers were offered well into the 1990s; for example the IBM ES9000 9X2 announced April 1994 [27] used 5,960 ECL chips to make a 10-way processor. [28] Other third-generation computers offered in the 1990s included the DEC VAX 9000 (1989), built from ECL gate arrays and custom chips, [29] and the Cray T90 (1995).

  4. List of early third generation computers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_early_third...

    The fourth generation computers began with the shipment of CPS-1, the first commercial microprocessor microcomputer in 1972 and for the purposes of this list marks the end of the "early" third generation computer era. Note that third generation computers were offered well into the 1990s. The list is organized by delivery year to customers or ...

  5. Mary II - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_II

    James II of England. Mother. Anne Hyde. Religion. Anglicanism. Signature. Mary II (30 April 1662 – 28 December 1694) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, King William III and II, from 1689 until her death in 1694. She was also Princess of Orange following her marriage on 4 November 1677.

  6. History of computing hardware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware

    Typically, second-generation computers were composed of large numbers of printed circuit boards such as the IBM Standard Modular System, [139] each carrying one to four logic gates or flip-flops. At the University of Manchester, a team under the leadership of Tom Kilburn designed and built a machine using the newly developed transistors instead ...

  7. Timeline of computing hardware before 1950 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_computing...

    Maurice Wilkes and a team at Cambridge University executed the first stored program on the EDSAC computer, which used paper tape input–output. Based on ideas from John von Neumann about stored program computers, the EDSAC was the first complete, fully functional von Neumann architecture computer. 1949.

  8. William III of England - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England

    William III (William Henry; Dutch: Willem Hendrik; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), [b] also known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702.

  9. Lord Kelvin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Kelvin

    Lord Kelvin. It is believed the "PNP" in his signature stands for "Professor of Natural Philosophy". Kelvin also wrote under the pseudonym "P. Q. R." William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin was an Irish-born, British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer. [7][8] Born in Belfast, he was the professor of Natural Philosophy at the ...