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Compound microscopes first appeared in Europe around 1620. [2] [3] The actual inventor of the compound microscope is unknown although many claims have been made over the years. These include a dubious claim that Dutch spectacle-maker Zacharias Janssen invented the compound microscope and the telescope as early as 1590.
The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.
The company of Carl Zeiss exploited this discovery and becomes the dominant microscope manufacturer of its era. 1928: Edward Hutchinson Synge publishes theory underlying the near-field scanning optical microscope; 1931: Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska start to build the first electron microscope. It is a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
The success of the phase-contrast microscope has led to a number of subsequent phase-imaging methods. In 1952, Georges Nomarski patented what is today known as differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. [8] It enhances contrast by creating artificial shadows, as if the object is illuminated from the side.
The eye relief of an optical instrument (such as a telescope, a microscope, or binoculars) is the distance from the last surface of an eyepiece within which the user's eye can obtain the full viewing angle. If a viewer's eye is outside this distance, a reduced field of view will be obtained.
The shape and texture in each individual grain is made visible through the microscope. [7] As the microscopic scale covers any object that cannot be seen by the naked eye, yet is visible under a microscope, the range of objects that fall under this scale can be as small as an atom, visible underneath a transmission electron microscope. [8]
It has long been recognized that full binocular vision, including stereopsis, is an important factor in the stabilization of post-surgical outcome of strabismus corrections. Many persons lacking stereopsis have (or have had) visible strabismus , which is known to have a potential socioeconomic impact on children and adults.