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This improved conductivity over bare aluminum makes the copper-clad aluminium wire a good fit for radio frequency use. The skin effect is similarly exploited in copper-clad steel wire, such as the center conductors of many coaxial cables, which are commonly used for high frequency feedlines with high strength and conductivity requirements.
Let K 0 is the normal conductivity at one bar (10 5 N/m 2) pressure, K e is its conductivity at special pressure and/or length scale. Let d is a plate distance in meters, P is an air pressure in Pascals (N/m 2 ), T is temperature Kelvin, C is this Lasance constant 7.6 ⋅ 10 −5 m ⋅ K/N and PP is the product P ⋅ d/T .
Electrical conductivity of water samples is used as an indicator of how salt-free, ion-free, or impurity-free the sample is; the purer the water, the lower the conductivity (the higher the resistivity). Conductivity measurements in water are often reported as specific conductance, relative to the conductivity of pure water at 25 °C.
The same size conductor in aluminum has only 10% more resistance with 60 Hz AC than it does with DC. [14] Skin depth also varies as the inverse square root of the permeability of the conductor. In the case of iron, its conductivity is about 1/7 that of copper. However being ferromagnetic its permeability is about 10,000 times greater.
Aluminium is an excellent thermal and electrical conductor, having around 60% the conductivity of copper, both thermal and electrical, while having only 30% of copper's density. [35] Aluminium is capable of superconductivity, with a superconducting critical temperature of 1.2 kelvin and a critical magnetic field of about 100 gauss (10 ...
Aluminum is the most prominently used heat sink material because of its lower cost. [46] Copper heat sinks are a necessity when higher levels of thermal conductivity are needed. An alternative to all-copper or all-aluminum heat sinks is the joining of aluminum fins to a copper base. [47] Copper heat sinks are die-cast and bound together in plates.
The electrical conductivity of 6-nines copper and 4-nines copper (99.99% pure) is nearly the same at ambient temperature, although the higher-purity copper has a higher conductivity at cryogenic temperatures. Therefore, for non-cryogenic temperatures, 4-nines copper will probably remain the dominant material for most commercial wire ...
Since copper costs about four times as much as aluminum by weight (roughly US$4 /lb [5] vs. US$1 /lb [6] as of 2024), aluminum wires are one-eighth the cost of copper wire of the same conductivity.