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Deci and Ryan later expanded on their early work, differentiating between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and proposed three main intrinsic needs involved in self-determination. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] According to Deci and Ryan, three basic psychological needs motivate self-initiated behavior and specify essential nutrients for individual ...
Edward L. Deci was born in October of 1942 in Palmyra, New York. Deci attended Hamilton College in Clinton, New York. He graduated in 1964 with a degree in mathematics. He then studied at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and earned his Master of Business Administration from there in 1967.
His book Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior, co-authored with Edward L. Deci in 1985, has been cited over 37,000 times according to Google Scholar. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] His article Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being was the 6th most cited Psychiatry and ...
Cognitive evaluation theory (CET) [1] is a theory in psychology that is designed to explain the effects of external consequences on internal motivation.Specifically, CET is a sub-theory of self-determination theory that focuses on competence and autonomy while examining how intrinsic motivation is affected by external forces in a process known as motivational "crowding out."
At the University of Rochester, contemporaries of Seligman Edward Deci and Richard Ryan have conducted original research and gathered existing evidence to develop a framework of human needs which they call self-determination theory. This states that human beings are born with innate motivations, developed from our evolutionary past.
The theory differentiates between various types of motivational states, distinguishes the organizational conditions where extrinsic rewards are more effective than intrinsic rewards, examines individual differences in orientation toward intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation and discusses managerial behavior that can enhance intrinsic motivation.
Edward Deci and Richard Ryan's theory of intrinsic motivation is essentially examining the conditions that "elicit and sustain" this phenomenon. [32]: 70–71 Deci and Ryan coined the term "cognitive evaluation theory" which concentrates on the needs of competence and autonomy. The CET essentially states that social-contextual events like ...
Self-determination theory proposes that 'higher behavioural effectiveness, greater volitional persistence, enhanced subjective well-being, and better assimilation of the individual within his or her social group' result when individuals act from motivations that emanate from the inner self (intrinsic motivation) rather than from sources of ...