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USDA statistics from 1998 showed that more than 1.02 billion kilograms of mozzarella cheese and 621 million kilograms of yogurt were produced from S. thermophilus. [10] Although its genus, Streptococcus , includes some pathogenic species, food industries consider S. thermophilus a safer bacterium than many other Streptococcus species.
The danger zone is the temperature range in which food-borne bacteria can grow. Food safety agencies, such as the United States' Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), define the danger zone as roughly 40 to 140 °F (4 to 60 °C).
A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, with an optimum growth range from 20 to 45 °C (68 to 113 °F). [1] The optimum growth temperature for these organisms is 37 °C (about 99 °F). [2] The term is mainly applied to microorganisms.
Aseptic processing was derived from Olin Ball's heat-cool-fill (HCF) machine that was developed in 1927. [5] While HCF was successful in improving the sensory quality of the processed chocolate milk as compared to canned product, the use of the equipment was hindered by its cost, maintenance, and inflexibility to process various container sizes, rendering the machine a failure.
Apples. The original source of sweetness for many of the early settlers in the United States, the sugar from an apple comes with a healthy dose of fiber.
Activia, Actimel and Danonino account for more than half of the total worldwide yogurt sales. [22] Activia is a more than 2 billion-dollar brand which owes its success to the health benefit claim. [21] In 2011, Activia was the largest global fresh dairy brand in the world (Nielsen data). The probiotic yogurt market is valued at €4 billion. [23]
After that, the mix is cooled at a temperature of 0 to 4 °C (32 to 39 °F). Once it has reached the desired temperature and viscosity, the yogurt is allowed to sit in aging tanks for up to four hours. Sweeteners, flavorings, and colorings are then mixed in, and the yogurt mixture is cooled at a temperature of −6 to −2 °C (28 °F).
Both species produce lactic acid, [8] which gives yogurt its tart flavor and acts as a preservative. The resulting decrease in pH also partially coagulates the milk proteins, such as casein, resulting in yogurt's thickness. [9] [10] While fermenting milk, L. d. bulgaricus produces acetaldehyde, one of the main yogurt aroma components. [10]