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The magnetic force produced by a bar magnet, at a given point in space, therefore depends on two factors: the strength p of its poles (magnetic pole strength), and the vector separating them. The magnetic dipole moment m is related to the fictitious poles as [ 7 ] m = p ℓ . {\displaystyle \mathbf {m} =p\,\mathrm {\boldsymbol {\ell }} \,.}
The direction of the magnetic moment points from the south to north pole of a magnet (inside the magnet). For example, the direction of the magnetic moment of a bar magnet, such as the one in a compass is the direction that the north poles points toward.
We will use μ for magnetic permeability and m for magnetic moment. For pole strength, we will employ q m. For a bar magnet of cross-section A with uniform magnetization M along its axis, the pole strength is given by q m = MA, so that M can be thought of as a pole strength per unit area.
Since a bar magnet gets its ferromagnetism from electrons distributed evenly throughout the bar, when a bar magnet is cut in half, each of the resulting pieces is a smaller bar magnet. Even though a magnet is said to have a north pole and a south pole, these two poles cannot be separated from each other.
In the magnetic pole model, the elementary magnetic dipole m is formed by two opposite magnetic poles of pole strength q m separated by a small distance vector d, such that m = q m d. The magnetic pole model predicts correctly the field H both inside and outside magnetic materials, in particular the fact that H is opposite to the magnetization ...
A magnet's North pole is defined as the pole that is attracted by the Earth's North Magnetic Pole, in the arctic region, when the magnet is suspended so it can turn freely. Since opposite poles attract, the North Magnetic Pole of the Earth is really the south pole of its magnetic field (the place where the field is directed downward into the ...
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