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The chemistry of scandium is almost completely dominated by the trivalent ion, Sc 3+, due to its electron configuration, [Ar] 3d 1 4s 2. The radii of M 3+ ions in the table below indicate that the chemical properties of scandium ions have more in common with yttrium ions than with aluminium ions. In part because of this similarity, scandium is ...
[14] [15] Scandium also has five nuclear isomers: the most stable of these is 44m2 Sc (t 1/2 = 58.6 h). [ 16 ] The primary decay mode of ground-state scandium isotopes at masses lower than the only stable isotope, 45 Sc, is electron capture (or positron emission ), but the lightest isotopes ( 37 Sc to 39 Sc) undergo proton emission instead, all ...
Naturally occurring scandium (21 Sc) is composed of one stable isotope, 45 Sc. Twenty-seven radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 46 Sc with a half-life of 83.8 days, 47 Sc with a half-life of 3.35 days, and 48 Sc with a half-life of 43.7 hours and 44 Sc with a half-life of 3.97 hours.
However there are numerous exceptions; for example the lightest exception is chromium, which would be predicted to have the configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 4 4s 2, written as [Ar] 3d 4 4s 2, but whose actual configuration given in the table below is [Ar] 3d 5 4s 1.
The group is also called the scandium group or scandium family after its lightest member. The chemistry of the group 3 elements is typical for early transition metals: they all essentially have only the group oxidation state of +3 as a major one, and like the preceding main-group metals are quite electropositive and have a less rich ...
The first transition series is present in the 4th period, and starts after Ca (Z = 20) of group 2 with the configuration [Ar]4s 2, or scandium (Sc), the first element of group 3 with atomic number Z = 21 and configuration [Ar]4s 2 3d 1, depending on the definition used. As we move from left to right, electrons are added to the same d subshell ...
Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion.
118 chemical elements have been identified and named officially by IUPAC.A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z).