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Antiphospholipid syndrome, or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS or APLS), is an autoimmune, hypercoagulable state caused by antiphospholipid antibodies. APS can lead to blood clots ( thrombosis ) in both arteries and veins , pregnancy-related complications , and other symptoms like low platelets, kidney disease , heart disease , and rash .
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS), also known as Asherson's syndrome, is a rare autoimmune disease in which widespread, intravascular clotting causes multi-organ failure. [1] The syndrome is caused by antiphospholipid antibodies that target a group of proteins in the body that are associated with phospholipids .
In a suspected antiphospholipid syndrome, lupus anticoagulant is generally tested in conjunction with anti-apolipoprotein antibodies and anti-cardiolipin antibodies, and diagnostic criteria require one clinical event (i.e. thrombosis or pregnancy complication) and two positive blood test results spaced at least three months apart that detect at ...
"Cutaneous microvascular occlusion syndrome as the first manifestation of catastrophic lupus-associated antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a case report". Journal of Medical Case Reports. 17 (1). doi: 10.1186/s13256-023-04068-9. ISSN 1752-1947. PMC 10464427. PMID 37605287. Ko, Christine J.; Gehlhausen, Jeff R.; McNiff, Jennifer M. (2021).
Schematic representation of antibody. Anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are antibodies often directed against cardiolipin and found in several diseases, including syphilis, [1] antiphospholipid syndrome, livedoid vasculitis, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, Behçet's syndrome, [2] idiopathic spontaneous abortion, [3] and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [4]
Antiphospholipid syndrome: Antiphospholipid antibodies Confirmed 40-50 per 100,000 [92] Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: None specific, mutation causes self-cells to become susceptible to attack Possible 1-2 per million [93]
Libman–Sacks endocarditis is a form of non-bacterial endocarditis that is seen in association with systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and malignancies. It is one of the most common cardiac manifestations of lupus (the most common being pericarditis). [1] [2]
In the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, the formation of the shield is disrupted by antibodies. Without the shield, there is an increased quantity of phospholipid molecules on cell membranes, speeding up coagulation reactions and causing the blood-clotting characteristic of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.