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  2. Petroleum refining processes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_refining_processes

    Petroleum refinery in Anacortes, Washington, United States. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils.

  3. Coker unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coker_unit

    A coker or coker unit is an oil refinery processing unit that converts the residual oil from the vacuum distillation column into low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, light and heavy gas oils, and petroleum coke. The process thermally cracks the long chain hydrocarbon molecules in the residual oil feed into shorter chain molecules ...

  4. Fluid catalytic cracking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_catalytic_cracking

    The feedstock to the FCC conversion process usually is heavy gas oil (HGO), which is that portion of the petroleum (crude oil) that has an initial boiling-point temperature of 340 °C (644 °F) or higher, at atmospheric pressure, and that has an average molecular weight that ranges from about 200 to 600 or higher; heavy gas oil also is known as ...

  5. Oil refinery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinery

    An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas and petroleum naphtha.

  6. Cracking (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracking_(chemistry)

    Fluid catalytic cracking is a commonly used process, and a modern oil refinery will typically include a cat cracker, particularly at refineries in the US, due to the high demand for gasoline. [10] [11] [12] The process was first used around 1942 and employs a powdered catalyst. During WWII, the Allied Forces had plentiful supplies of the ...

  7. Catalytic reforming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_reforming

    Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert naphthas from crude oil into liquid products called reformates, which are premium "blending stocks" for high-octane gasoline. The process converts low-octane linear hydrocarbons (paraffins) into branched alkanes (isoparaffins) and cyclic naphthenes , which are then partially ...

  8. Hydrodesulfurization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodesulfurization

    Hydrodesulfurization or hydrodesulphurisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) (HDS), also called hydrotreatment or hydrotreating, is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils.

  9. Syngas to gasoline plus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngas_to_gasoline_plus

    The main product of the Fischer–Tropsch process, synthetic crude oil, requires additional refining to produce fuel products such as diesel fuel or gasoline. This refining typically adds additional costs, causing some industry leaders to label the economics of commercial-scale Fischer–Tropsch processes as challenging. [9]