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Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, HILIC) [1] is a variant of normal phase liquid chromatography that partly overlaps with other chromatographic applications such as ion chromatography and reversed phase liquid chromatography. HILIC uses hydrophilic stationary phases with reversed-phase ...
Chromatography, pronounced / ˌ k r oʊ m ə ˈ t ɒ ɡ r ə f i /, is derived from Greek χρῶμα chroma, which means "color", and γράφειν graphein, which means "to write".The combination of these two terms was directly inherited from the invention of the technique first used to separate biological pigments.
Gas chromatography can be used to determine methane, carbon dioxide, cyanide, oxygen, nitrogen and many other volatile components at reasonable sensitivities. Mass spectrometry is used where very high sensitivity is required and is sometimes used as a back-end process after gas liquid chromatography for detecting trace organic chemicals.
Ultrafiltration can be used for the removal of particulates and macromolecules from raw water to produce potable water. It has been used to either replace existing secondary (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation) and tertiary filtration (sand filtration and chlorination) systems employed in water treatment plants or as standalone systems in ...
Pure water has a charge carrier density similar to semiconductors [9] [page needed] since it has a low autoionization, K w = 1.0×10 −14 at room temperature and thus pure water conducts current poorly, 0.055 μS/cm. [10] Unless a large potential is applied to increase the autoionization of water, electrolysis of pure water proceeds slowly ...
Activated carbon. Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses. It is processed (activated) to have small, low-volume pores that greatly increase the surface area [1] [2] available for adsorption or chemical reactions [3] that can be thought of as a microscopic "sponge" structure (adsorption ...
Salting out (also known as salt-induced precipitation, salt fractionation, anti-solvent crystallization, precipitation crystallization, or drowning out) [1] is a purification technique that utilizes the reduced solubility of certain molecules in a solution of very high ionic strength.
The octanol-water partition coefficient, usually expressed as its logarithm (Log P), is a measure of differential solubility of a compound in a hydrophobic solvent and a hydrophilic solvent (water). The logarithm of these two values enables compounds to be ranked in terms of hydrophilicity (or hydrophobicity).