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The Karachi Interbank Offered Rate (KIBOR) is a daily reference rate based on the interest rates at which banks offer to lend unsecured funds to other banks in the Karachi wholesale (or "interbank") money market. [1] The banks used it as a benchmark in their lending to corporate sector. [2]
Before independence on 14 August 1947, during the British colonial era, the Reserve Bank of India was the central bank for the then undivided subcontinent. On 30 December 1948 the British Government's commission distributed the Reserve Bank of India's reserves between Pakistan and India—30 percent (750 M gold) for Pakistan and 70 percent for India.
The Pakistani rupee depreciated against the US dollar until around the start of the 21st century, when Pakistan's large current-account surplus pushed the value of the rupee up versus the dollar. Pakistan's central bank then stabilized by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, in order to preserve the country's export competitiveness.
At the end of March 2022, the State Bank of Pakistan's reserves stood at $11.425bn, but they gradually tanked to an almost four-year low of $6.715bn on 2 December. Pakistan's foreign exchange reserves equal to just five weeks of merchandise imports. [44] The consistent depreciation of the rupee is said to be deepening the economic crisis. [45]
The State Bank of Pakistan then stabilized the exchange rate by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, to preserve the country's export competitiveness. 2008 was termed a disastrous year for the rupee after the elections: between December 2007 and August 2008, it lost 23% of its value, falling to a record low of Rs.79/ 20 against the US ...
The State Bank of Pakistan gained autonomy, and United Bank Limited, which had collapsed, was recapitalized under central bank management. [1] In 1997, Pakistan initiated banking reforms to address long-standing issues within major state-owned banks, such as the National Bank of Pakistan (NBP), Habib Bank Limited (HBL), and United Bank Limited ...
The following list contains all the notable banks in Pakistan. State Bank of Pakistan [1] is the Central Bank of Pakistan. Systemically Important Banks
In 2001, the State Bank of Pakistan and the Bank of England permitted only two Pakistani banks to operate in the United Kingdom. As a result, NBP and United Bank Limited merged their UK operations to form Pakistan International Bank, with NBP holding a 45% stake and United Bank owning 55%. In 2002, Pakistan International Bank was renamed United ...