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An RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid based genome. [1] The genome can be single-stranded RNA or double-stranded . [2] Notable human ...
Genome type and replication cycle of different RNA viruses. RNA viruses in Orthornavirae typically do not encode many proteins, but most positive-sense, single-stranded (+ssRNA) viruses and some double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses encode a major capsid protein that has a single jelly roll fold, so named because the folded structure of the protein contains a structure that resembles a jelly ...
Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid.The double-stranded genome is used as a template by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to transcribe a positive-strand RNA functioning as messenger RNA (mRNA) for the host cell's ribosomes, which translate it into viral proteins.
The virus can spread to different organs throughout the chicken. [131] The virus is transmitted by aerosol and food contaminated by feces. Different vaccines against IBV exist and have helped to limit the spread of the virus and its variants. [127] Infectious bronchitis virus is one of a number of strains of the species Avian coronavirus. [133]
A virus's polymerase enzymes are often much more efficient at making DNA and RNA than the equivalent enzymes of the host cells, [31] but viral RNA polymerase enzymes are error-prone, causing RNA viruses to mutate and form new strains. [32] In some species of RNA virus, the genes are not on a continuous molecule of RNA, but are separated.
Positive-strand RNA virus genomes usually contain relatively few genes, usually between three and ten, including an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. [4] Coronaviruses have the largest known RNA genomes, between 27 and 32 kilobases in length, and likely possess replication proofreading mechanisms in the form of an exoribonuclease within nonstructural protein nsp14.
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses (23 C, 17 P) R. RNA reverse-transcribing viruses (1 C, 7 P) V. Viroids (18 P) Pages in category "RNA viruses"
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is RNA with two complementary strands, similar to the DNA found in all cells, but with the replacement of thymine by uracil and the adding of one oxygen atom. dsRNA forms the genetic material of some viruses (double-stranded RNA viruses). Double-stranded RNA, such as viral RNA or siRNA, can trigger RNA interference ...