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Turner societies in the United States were first organized during the mid-19th century so German American immigrants could visit with one another and become involved in social and sports activities. The National Turnerbund, the head organization of the Turnvereine, started drilling members as in militia units in 1854.
Between 1492 and 1820, approximately 2.6 million Europeans immigrated to the Americas, of whom just under 50% were British, 40% were Spanish or Portuguese, 6% were Swiss or German, and 5% were French. But it was in the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century that European immigration to the Americas reached its historic peak.
Internment of German resident aliens and German-American citizens occurred in the United States during the periods of World War I and World War II. During World War II, the legal basis for this detention was under Presidential Proclamation 2526 , made by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt under the authority of the Alien Enemies Act .
Thus began the first and longest era of immigration that lasted until the American Revolution in 1775. Settlements grew from initial English toeholds from the New World to British America. It brought Northern European immigrants, primarily of British, German, and Dutch extraction.
Descendants of the immigrants continue to live in Perry County, although many have moved to larger cities for employment. In 2014, 247 residents of the county continued to speak a distinct Upper Saxon dialect of German, although that number is decreasing, with the youngest speakers being over 50 years of age. [14]
German immigration to the British colonies began in the late 17th century. By the mid-18th century, approximately 10% of the colonial American population spoke German. [75] Germans were easily the largest non-British European minority in British North America, but their assimilation and Anglicisation varied greatly. [76]
Concord was the ship that in 1683 took the first group of German emigrants to America. [1] On board of the galleon were 13 Mennonite families from Krefeld with a total of 33 people. The ship is also known as the "German Mayflower". Concord set sail on July 6, 1683, in Rotterdam under Captain William Jeffries with 57 passengers.
The tide of German immigration to Pennsylvania swelled between 1725 and 1775, with immigrants arriving as redemptioners or indentured servants. By 1775, Germans constituted about one-third of the population of the state. German farmers were renowned for their highly productive animal husbandry and agricultural practices.