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Tollens' reagent is also used to apply a silver mirror to glassware; for example the inside of an insulated vacuum flask. The underlying chemical process is called silver mirror reaction. The reducing agent is glucose (an aldehyde) for such applications. Clean glassware is required for a high quality mirror.
In organic chemistry, Fehling's solution is a chemical reagent used to differentiate between water-soluble carbohydrate and ketone (>C=O) functional groups, and as a test for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, supplementary to the Tollens' reagent test. The test was developed by German chemist Hermann von Fehling in 1849. [1]
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6. ... In the Tollens test, ... With Hager's reagent, glucose forms mercury oxide during boiling. ...
Reducing form of glucose (the aldehyde group is on the far right) A reducing sugar is any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent. [1] In an alkaline solution, a reducing sugar forms some aldehyde or ketone, which allows it to act as a reducing agent, for example in Benedict's reagent. In such a reaction, the sugar becomes a ...
Unable to resist the call of his former professor Wöhler, Tollens returned to Göttingen in 1872 and there he remained in various positions until he died in 1918. It was during this final time in Göttingen that he started his work on carbohydrates, which yielded structures of several sugars, the Tollens' reagent, and most of his publications.
Tollens' reagent tests for aldehydes (known as the silver mirror test) The Zeisel determination tests for the presence of esters or ethers; Lucas' reagent is used to distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. The bromine test is used to test for the presence of unsaturation and phenols.
An oligosaccharide has both a reducing and a non-reducing end. The reducing end of an oligosaccharide is the monosaccharide residue with hemiacetal functionality, thereby capable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent, while the non-reducing end is the monosaccharide residue in acetal form, thus incapable of reducing the Tollens’ reagent. [2]
Benedict's quantitative reagent contains potassium thiocyanate and is used to quantitatively determine the concentration of reducing sugars. [2] This solution forms a copper thiocyanate precipitate which is white and can be used in titration. The titration should be repeated with 1% glucose solution instead of the sample for calibration.