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Slavery in Australia has existed in various forms from colonisation in 1788 to the present day. European settlement relied heavily on convicts , sent to Australia as punishment for crimes and forced into labour and often leased to private individuals .
Indentured servitude of Irish and other European peoples occurred in seventeenth-century Barbados, and was fundamentally different from enslavement: an enslaved African's body was owned, as were the bodies of their children, while the labour of indentured servants was under contractual ownership of another person.
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families.
Modern map of the Caribbean. The Irish went to Barbados, Jamaica and the Leeward Islands.. Irish indentured servants were Irish people who became indentured servants in territories under the control of the British Empire, such as the British West Indies (particularly Barbados, Jamaica and the Leeward Islands), British North America and later Australia.
Australia and Oceania. Australia. ... The history of slavery spans many ... These indentured servants were treated so poorly that future indentured servants stopped ...
Indentured servitude was not the same as the apprenticeship system by which skilled trades were taught, but similarities do exist between the two, since both require a set period of work. The majority of Virginians were Anglican, not Puritan, and while religion did play a large role in everyday lives, the culture was more commercially based.
A 1992 census of Australian South Sea Islanders reported around 10,000 descendants living in Queensland. [15] In the 2016 census, 6830 people in Queensland declared that they were descendants of South Sea Islander labourers.
Gordon Greenwood, Australia: A Social and Political History, Angus and Robertson 1955. Hughes, Robert, The Fatal Shore, London, Pan, 1988. A Pictorial History of Australia, Rex & Thea Rienits, Hamlyn Publishing group, 1969. Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish, Closing Hell's Gates: The Death of a Convict Station, Allen and Unwin, 2008. ISBN 9781741751499