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Segregation was enforced across the U.S. for much of its history. Racial segregation follows two forms, De jure and De facto. De jure segregation mandated the separation of races by law, and was the form imposed by slave codes before the Civil War and by Black Codes and Jim Crow laws following the war.
These attempts to maintain segregation continue today, says Gurian, who is currently litigating a case against New York City over the way it allegedly perpetuates segregation in its housing ...
Segregation adversely affected both black and white homeownership rates, [61] as well as caused higher crime rates. [62] Areas with housing segregation had worse health outcomes for both whites and Blacks. [63] Residential segregation accounts for a substantial share of the Black-white gap in birth weight. [64] Segregation reduced upward ...
Segregation continued even after the demise of the Jim Crow laws. Data on house prices and attitudes towards integration suggest that in the mid-20th century, segregation was a product of collective actions taken by Whites to exclude Black people from their neighborhoods. [65]
Opinion: Black home buyers still experience discrimination in the housing market due to segregation and racist restrictions of the past.
The first psychological research project to be cited by the Supreme Court was commissioned specifically for the Briggs case to show the psychological effects of segregation on Black children.
In addition to factors like socioeconomic status and distance from job centers, residential segregation has a negative impact on employment opportunities for Black people, while not impacting White people's employment opportunities. A 2010 study found that residential segregation could account for the employment gap along racial lines.
Segregation is a common tale in American cities — most practiced discrimination in housing loans and urban renewal — but at the same time, every town has its own unique narratives.