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The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H + /K + ATPase is the proton pump of the stomach.It exchanges potassium from the intestinal lumen with cytoplasmic hydronium [2] and is the enzyme primarily responsible for the acidification of the stomach contents and the activation of the digestive enzyme pepsin [3] (see gastric acid).
A proton pump is an integral membrane protein pump that builds up a proton gradient across a biological membrane.Proton pumps catalyze the following reaction: H + [on one side of a biological membrane] + energy ⇌ H +
The secretion is a complex and relatively energetically expensive process. Parietal cells contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the hydrochloric acid is secreted into the lumen of the stomach. The pH of gastric acid is 1.5 to 3.5 in the human stomach lumen, a level maintained by the proton pump H + /K + ATPase. [1]
-ATPase or proton pump creates the electrochemical gradients in the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, protists, and many prokaryotes. Here, proton gradients are used to drive secondary transport processes. As such, it is essential for the uptake of most metabolites, and also for plant responses to the environment (e.g., movement of leaves).
The proton pump is the terminal stage in gastric acid secretion, being directly responsible for secreting H + ions into the gastric lumen, making it an ideal target for inhibiting acid secretion. [ citation needed ] Because the H,K-ATPase is the final step of acid secretion, an inhibitor of this enzyme is more effective than receptor ...
An important example is the sodium-potassium pump (Na + /K + ATPase) that maintains the cell membrane potential. Another example is the hydrogen potassium ATPase (H + /K + ATPase or gastric proton pump) that acidifies the contents of the stomach.
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Proton pump inhibitors are more potent at reducing gastric acid production since that is the final common pathway of all stimulation of acid production. In pernicious anemia , autoantibodies directed against parietal cells or intrinsic factor cause a reduction in vitamin B 12 absorption.