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During pregnancy the plasma volume increases by 40-50% and the red blood cell volume increases only by 20–30%. [22] These changes occur mostly in the second trimester and prior to 32 weeks gestation. [24] Due to dilution, the net result is a decrease in hematocrit or hemoglobin, which are measures of red blood cell concentration.
What to Expect When You're Expecting is a pregnancy guide, now in its fifth edition, authored by Heidi Murkoff and Sharon Mazel and published by Workman Publishing. [1] Its first edition, authored by Murkoff, Arlene Eisenberg, and Sandee Hathaway, was originally published in 1984. [ 2 ]
During pregnancy, the enlarged abdomen and gravid uterus place additional strain on lumbar muscles and shift the pregnant woman's center of gravity. These postural compensations culminate in an increased load on both lumbar spinal musculature and the sacroiliac ligaments, manifesting as low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain. [ 12 ]
Regular aerobic exercise during pregnancy appears to improve (or maintain) physical fitness. [127] Physical exercise during pregnancy appears to decrease the need for C-section [128] and reduce time in labor, [129] and even vigorous exercise carries no significant risks to babies [130] while providing significant health benefits to the mother ...
Dr. Joyce Gottesfeld, an ob-gyn with Kaiser Permanente in Colorado, recommends that females see a gynecologist when they are considering becoming sexually active to discuss birth control options ...
During pregnancy, women of an average pre-pregnancy weight (BMI 18.5-24.9) should expect to gain between 25–35 pounds (11–16 kg) over the course of the pregnancy. [32] Increased rates of hypertension, diabetes, respiratory complications, and infections are prevalent in cases of maternal obesity and can have detrimental effects on pregnancy ...