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Chromosome 21 is both the smallest human autosome and chromosome, [4] with 46.7 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) representing about 1.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. Most people have two copies of chromosome 21, while those with three copies of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) have Down syndrome .
•List of human protein-coding genes page 2 covers genes EPHA1–MTMR3 •List of human protein-coding genes page 3 covers genes MTMR4–SLC17A7 •List of human protein-coding genes page 4 covers genes SLC17A8–ZZZ3 NB: Each list page contains 5000 human protein-coding genes, sorted alphanumerically by the HGNC-approved gene symbol.
The minimal genome corresponds to small genome sizes, as bacterial genome size correlates with the number of protein-coding genes, typically one gene per kilobase. [1] Mycoplasma genitalium , with a 580 kb genome and 482 protein-coding genes, is a key model for minimal genomes.
A 2018 population survey found another 300 million bases of human genome that was not in the reference sequence. [64] Prior to the acquisition of the full genome sequence, estimates of the number of human genes ranged from 50,000 to 140,000 (with occasional vagueness about whether these estimates included non-protein coding genes). [65]
Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain:S288C: Saccharomycetes: Baker's Yeast; Model eukaryote 12.1 Mb 6,294 [18] International Collaboration for the Yeast Genome Sequencing [19] 1996 [18] Encephalitozoon cuniculi: Microsporidium: Human pathogen 2.9 Mb 1,997 [20] Genoscope and ...
In rare cases, microchromosomes have been observed in the karotypes of individual humans. A link has been suggested between microchromosome presence and certain genetic disorders like Down syndrome [14] and fragile X syndrome. [15] The smallest chromosome in humans is normally chromosome 21, which is 47 Mb.
Chromosome 22 is the second smallest human chromosome, spanning about 51 million DNA base pairs and representing between 1.5 and 2% of the total DNA in cells. In 1999, researchers working on the Human Genome Project announced they had determined the sequence of base pairs that make up this chromosome. Chromosome 22 was the first human ...
The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 20. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction ).