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Map of the distribution of Middle Pleistocene cleaver findsHomo erectus emerges just after 2 million years ago. [11] Early H. erectus would have lived face to face with H. habilis in East Africa for nearly half a million years. [12]
The global trend was towards increasing aridity caused primarily by global cooling reducing the ability of the atmosphere to absorb moisture, [20] particularly after 7 to 8 million years ago. [21] Uplift of East Africa in the late Miocene was partly responsible for the shrinking of tropical rain forests in that region, [ 22 ] and Australia got ...
Late forms of H. erectus are thought to have survived until after about 0.5 million ago to 143,000 years ago at the latest, [note 3] with derived forms classified as H. antecessor in Europe around 800,000 years ago and H. heidelbergensis in Africa around 600,000 years ago.
Archaic humans emerged out of Africa between 0.5 and 1.8 million years ago. This was followed by the emergence of modern humans ( Homo sapiens ) in East Africa around 300,000–250,000 years ago. In the 4th millennium BC written history arose in Ancient Egypt , [ 1 ] and later in Nubia 's Kush , the Horn of Africa 's Dʿmt , and Ifrikiya 's ...
Around 1.8 million years ago, Homo ergaster first appeared in the fossil record in Africa. From Homo ergaster, Homo erectus evolved 1.5 million years ago. Some of the earlier representatives of this species were still fairly small-brained and used primitive stone tools, much like H. habilis.
The African humid period was not the first such phase; evidence for about 230 older such "green Sahara"/wet periods exist going back perhaps to the first appearance of the Sahara 7–8 million years ago, [1] for example during Marine Isotope Stage 5 a and c. [61] Earlier humid periods appear to have been more intense than the AHP of the ...
Before Homo sapiens, Homo erectus had already spread throughout Africa and non-Arctic Eurasia by about one million years ago. The oldest known evidence for anatomically modern humans (as of 2017) are fossils found at Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, dated about 360,000 years old.
The Early Stone Age (ESA), which spanned from approximately 2.6 million years ago (mya) – 280,000 years ago (ya), describes a period in African prehistory in which the first stone tools were developed, including both Oldowan and Acheulean. [8]