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Glycemic control can be impacted by other immunosuppressive medications through different mechanisms, which could complicate the effects of glucocorticoid therapy. [1] By inhibiting the production of insulin , calcineurin inhibitors , especially tacrolimus , are used in transplant patients, which increases their risk of developing glucose ...
To prevent this, much research has been focused recently on the elaboration of selectively acting glucocorticoid drugs. Side effects include: Immunodeficiency (see section below) Hyperglycemia due to increased gluconeogenesis, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance ("steroid diabetes"); caution in those with diabetes mellitus
Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones.The adrenal glands—also referred to as the adrenal cortex—normally secrete glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol), mineralocorticoids (primarily aldosterone), and androgens.
Serious side effects include iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, hypertension, osteoporosis, diabetes, infection, and skin atrophy. [9] Chemically, methylprednisolone is a synthetic pregnane steroid hormone derived from hydrocortisone and prednisolone. It belongs to a class of synthetic glucocorticoids and more generally, corticosteroids. It acts as ...
They also suppress excessive immune system activation and exert supporting effects on the circulatory system. [ 10 ] [ 14 ] Increased susceptibility to infections, hyperglycemia (in patients already prone to stress hyperglycemia ), gastrointestinal bleeding , electrolyte disturbances and steroid-induced myopathy (in patients already prone to ...
Typical mineralocorticoid side-effects are hypertension (abnormally high blood pressure), steroid induced diabetes mellitus, psychosis, poor sleep, hypokalemia (low potassium levels in the blood), hypernatremia (high sodium levels in the blood) without causing peripheral edema, metabolic alkalosis and connective tissue weakness. [5]
Stress hyperglycemia is especially common in patients with hypertonic dehydration and those with elevated catecholamine levels (e.g., after emergency department treatment of acute asthma with epinephrine). Steroid diabetes is a specific and prolonged form of stress hyperglycemia. [citation needed]
Gastrointestinal system effects: swelling of the stomach lining, reversible increase in liver enzymes, and risk of stomach ulcers; Muscular and skeletal abnormalities, such as muscle weakness/muscle loss, osteoporosis (see steroid-induced osteoporosis), long bone fractures, tendon rupture, and back fractures