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Dioxins are endocrine disruptors and may have effects on the children of people who were exposed. [1] Rainbow herbicides and other dioxin-like compounds are endocrine disruptors, and evidence suggests that they continue to have long-term health consequences many years after exposure.
A comparison of the structures of the natural estrogen hormone estradiol (left) and one of the nonyl-phenols (right), a xenoestrogen endocrine disruptor. Endocrine disruptors, sometimes also referred to as hormonally active agents, [1] endocrine disrupting chemicals, [2] or endocrine disrupting compounds [3] are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine (or hormonal) systems. [4]
DDT is an endocrine disruptor. [ 100 ] [ 101 ] It is considered likely to be a human carcinogen although the majority of studies suggest it is not directly genotoxic . [ 102 ] [ 103 ] [ 104 ] DDE acts as a weak androgen receptor antagonist , but not as an estrogen .
Endocrine disruptors are exogenous substances that act like hormones in the endocrine system and disrupt the physiologic function of endogenous hormones. They are sometimes also referred to as hormonally active agents , endocrine disrupting chemicals , or endocrine disrupting compounds .
Xenoestrogens are also called "environmental hormones" or "EDC" (Endocrine Disrupting Compounds, or Endocrine disruptor for short). Most scientists that study xenoestrogens, including The Endocrine Society , regard them as serious environmental hazards that have hormone disruptive effects on both wildlife and humans.
The first synthetic herbicides were discovered in the 1930's and 1940's. This was the era when synthetic antibiotics, plastics, and many other materials became available. Synthetic pesticides became popular rapidly after World War II. Crop yields increased significantly through the discovery of 2,4-D.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals are known to accumulate in body tissue and are highly persistent in the environment. [6] Many toxicants are known EDCs including pesticides, phthalates, phytoestrogens, some industrial/commercial products, and pharmaceuticals. [3] These chemicals are known to cause endocrine disruption via a few different mechanisms.
Health effects of pesticides may be acute or delayed in those who are exposed. [1] Acute effects can include pesticide poisoning, which may be a medical emergency. [2] Strong evidence exists for other, long-term negative health outcomes from pesticide exposure including birth defects, fetal death, [3] neurodevelopmental disorder, [4] cancer, and neurologic illness including Parkinson's disease ...