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A leaf spring is a simple form of spring commonly used for suspension in wheeled ... The mechanics and deflection of leaf springs were developed by Clark (1855), ...
The force of the spring reverses the direction of rotation, so the wheel oscillates back and forth, driven at the top by the clock's gears. Torsion springs consisting of twisted ropes or sinew, were used to store potential energy to power several types of ancient weapons; including the Greek ballista and the Roman scorpio and catapults like the ...
The springs can be represented by the following equation: p = k y {\displaystyle p=ky} where k {\displaystyle k} is the non-linear spring stiffness defined by the p–y curve, y {\displaystyle y} is the deflection of the spring, and p {\displaystyle p} is the force applied to the spring.
The rate or spring constant of a spring is the change in the force it exerts, divided by the change in deflection of the spring. That is, it is the gradient of the force versus deflection curve. An extension or compression spring's rate is expressed in units of force divided by distance, for example or N/m or lbf/in.
The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)
Deflection (f) in engineering. In structural engineering, deflection is the degree to which a part of a long structural element (such as beam) is deformed laterally (in the direction transverse to its longitudinal axis) under a load. It may be quantified in terms of an angle (angular displacement) or a distance (linear displacement).
The force in the spring is (roughly) the vertical force at the contact patch divided by the motion ratio, and the spring rate is the wheel rate divided by the motion ratio squared. I R = S p r i n g D i s p l a c e m e n t W h e e l D i s p l a c e m e n t . {\displaystyle IR={\frac {SpringDisplacement}{WheelDisplacement}}.}
The load applied to the reduced-thickness spring to obtain a deflection equal to the 75% of the free height (of an unreduced spring) must be the same as for an unreduced spring. As the overall height is not reduced, springs with reduced thickness inevitably have an increased flank angle and a greater cone height than springs of the same nominal ...