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The median time to definitive repair from fistula onset was 6 months (range 1 day to 28 months). The 6-month time course is commonly utilized by groups with significant experience treating fistulas, owing to the trend in encountering a less hostile abdomen than in the early phases. [ 4 ]
Obstetric fistula is a medical condition in which a hole develops in the birth canal as a result of childbirth. [1] [2] This can be between the vagina and rectum, ureter, or bladder.
Rectovaginal fistulas are often the result of trauma during childbirth (in which case it is known as obstetric fistula), with increased risk associated with significant lacerations or interventions are used such as episiotomy or operative (forceps/vacuum extraction) deliveries [2] or in situations where there is inadequate health care, such as in some developing countries.
Surgery can be carried out through the vagina, bladder or peritoneum and can be done via laparoscopic or robotic surgery. [8] Watchful waiting is the treatment of choice in case of small fistulas. The bladder is catheterised for a period of 4 to 8 weeks in order to allow spontaneous closure of the vesicouterine fistula.
The Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt (BTT shunt), [1] previously known as the Blalock–Taussig Shunt (BT shunt), [2] is a surgical procedure used to increase blood flow to the lungs in some forms of congenital heart disease [3] such as pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot, which are common causes of blue baby syndrome. [3]
The healing process of the VVF procedure is still arduous. To have a successful recovery from the surgery, it must be successful on the first attempt. [ 9 ] Sims's operations on African-American enslaved women showcase the dangerous nature of the procedure. [ 7 ]
[20] [21] Next is the development of an entero-atmospheric fistula, which ranges from 2 to 25%. [5] [24] The third is abdominal compartment syndrome that has been reported anywhere from 10 to 40% of the time. [25] [26] Finally fascial dehiscence has been shown to result in 9–25% of patients that have undergone damage control surgery. [27] [28]
An arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway between an artery and a vein. [1] It may be congenital , surgically created for hemodialysis treatments, or acquired due to pathologic process, such as trauma or erosion of an arterial aneurysm .