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Phosgene is an organic chemical compound with the formula COCl 2. It is a toxic, colorless gas; in low concentrations, its musty odor resembles that of freshly cut ...
Phosgene oxime, or CX, is an organic compound with the formula Cl 2 C=N−O H. It is a potent chemical weapon , specifically a nettle agent . The compound itself is a colorless solid, but impure samples are often yellowish liquids.
Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC 50 (median lethal concentration) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or permanent injury), and/or exposure limits (TLV, TWA/PEL, STEL, or REL) determined by the ACGIH professional association.
The German phosgene attack of 19 December 1915 was the first use of phosgene gas against British troops by the German army. The gas attack took place at Wieltje , north-east of Ypres in Belgian Flanders on the Western Front in the First World War .
It behaves like phosgene, to which it cracks thermally: OC(OCCl 3) 2 ⇌ 3 OCCl 2. Alcohols are converted to carbonates. Primary and secondary amines are converted to ureas and isocyanates. [6] [7] [9] [10] Triphosgene has been used to synthesize chlorides. [8] Some Alkyl chlorides are prepared by treating alcohols with a mixture of triphosgene ...
The daily Svenska Dagbladet newspaper said authorities had found traces of phosgene. The gas has a strong odor that can cause vomiting and breathing trouble and was used as a weapon in World War I.
German phosgene came in the form of diphosgene, codenamed Grün Kreuz (Green cross). This was less effective than its allied counterpart, being less toxic and slower to evaporate, but was easier to handle in shell manufacture early in the war. [35] Phosgene was a potent killing agent, deadlier than chlorine.
Most nettle agents, such as the best known and studied nettle agent, phosgene oxime, are often grouped with the vesicant (blister agent) chemical agents. However, because nettle agents do not cause blisters, they are not true vesicants. [2]