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In Excel and Word 95 and prior editions a weak protection algorithm is used that converts a password to a 16-bit verifier and a 16-byte XOR obfuscation array [1] key. [4] Hacking software is now readily available to find a 16-byte key and decrypt the password-protected document. [5] Office 97, 2000, XP and 2003 use RC4 with 40 bits. [4]
“Length is key, and if you need extra length, numbers and random characters will help you,” Vernon said. “But the problem is, people use commonly available numbers like ‘2025.’”
Random password generators normally output a string of symbols of specified length. These can be individual characters from some character set, syllables designed to form pronounceable passwords, or words from some word list to form a passphrase. The program can be customized to ensure the resulting password complies with the local password ...
A strong password is your first line of defense against intruders and imposters. Here are some helpful tips on creating a secure password so you can make sure your information remains safe. Create a strong password • Use unique words - Don't use obvious words like "password". • Have 12 or more characters - Longer passwords are more secure.
The Worst Passwords List is an annual list of the 25 most common passwords from each year as produced by internet security firm SplashData. [3] Since 2011, the firm has published the list based on data examined from millions of passwords leaked in data breaches, mostly in North America and Western Europe, over each year.
A Diceware word list is any list of 6 5 = 7 776 unique words, preferably ones the user will find easy to spell and to remember. The contents of the word list do not have to be protected or concealed in any way, as the security of a Diceware passphrase is in the number of words selected, and the number of words each selected word could be taken ...
A 13-character password was estimated to withstand GPU-computed attempts for over 900,000 years. [45] [46] In the context of 2023 hardware technology, the 2012 standard of an eight-character alpha-numeric password has become vulnerable, succumbing in a few hours. The time needed to crack a 13-character password is reduced to a few years.
Example of a Key Derivation Function chain as used in the Signal Protocol.The output of one KDF function is the input to the next KDF function in the chain. In cryptography, a key derivation function (KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master key, a password, or a passphrase using a pseudorandom function (which typically uses a ...