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Blooming cyanobacteria can produce cyanotoxins in such concentrations that they can poison and even kill animals and humans. Cyanotoxins can also accumulate in other animals such as fish and shellfish, and cause poisonings such as shellfish poisoning. Some of the most powerful natural poisons known are cyanotoxins.
The toxin is produced by multiple genera of cyanobacteria and has been reported in North America, South America, Central America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Symptoms of anatoxin-a toxicity include loss of coordination, muscular fasciculations, convulsions and death by respiratory paralysis.
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) bloom on Lake Erie (United States) in 2009. These kinds of algae can cause harmful algal bloom. A harmful algal bloom (HAB), or excessive algae growth, is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms by production of natural algae-produced toxins, water deoxygenation, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means.
Warnings of toxic blue-green algae blooms are proliferating as warmer weather hits California. How toxic algae affects humans and pets. Toxic algae blooms can be extremely dangerous to both humans ...
The microcystin-producing Microcystis is a genus of freshwater cyanobacteria and thrives in warm water conditions, especially in stagnant waters. [7] The EPA predicted in 2013 that climate change and changing environmental conditions may lead to harmful algae growth and may negatively impact human health. [20]
Microcystin-LR had effects on all animals, not only the domestic animals from swimming in a river of drinking water with cyanobacteria blooms. Symptoms in domestic animal poisoning include diarrhea, vomiting, weakness, recumbency and are fatal in most cases [12] [13] Mircocystin-LR is toxic for all animals, including the animals consumed by humans.
This group of viruses includes the original cyanophage isolate that infected "blue-green algae". [ 13 ] [ 3 ] Cyanophages in this group are easy to isolate from the environment. [ 3 ] They carry short non-contractile tails and cause lysis of several species within three genera of cyanobacteria: Lyngbya , Plectonema and Phormidium . [ 3 ]
Patients experiencing aluminium toxicity can exhibit symptoms such as impaired learning and reduced motor coordination. [71] Additionally, systemic aluminium levels are known to increase with age, and have been shown to correlate with Alzheimer's disease , implicating it as a neurotoxic causative compound of the disease. [ 72 ]