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A law was passed on April 30, 1921 establishing the new Croix de guerre for "Théâtres d'opérations extérieurs" (TOE). It was intended to commemorate the individual citations awarded during operations carried out since November 11, 1918 or that would occur in the future, for war service directly related to an expeditionary force used outside of the borders of France, otherwise, the statute ...
The first school war of the 20th century began just as the passions raised by debates over the secularization of French society were beginning to die down. This calm was short-livedː the school question, which was not at the forefront of the troubles that shook France, found fertile ground in the post-Separation situation to unleash French passions.
The French Art of War (French: L'Art français de la guerre) is a 2011 novel by the French writer Alexis Jenni, published by Éditions Gallimard. It is an adventure story about the military history of France in Indochina and Algeria. [1] It received the Prix Goncourt, with five votes to three against Carole Martinez's Du domaine des Murmures . [2]
The War of the Three Henrys [1] (French: Guerre des trois Henri), also known as the Eighth War of Religion [1] (French: Huitième guerre de Religion), took place during 1585–1589, [1] and was the eighth conflict in the series of civil wars in France known as the French Wars of Religion. [1] [a] It was a three-way war fought between:
The Normans' initial military involvement in southern Italy was on the side of the Lombards against the Byzantines. Eventually, some Normans, including the powerful de Hauteville brothers, served in the army of George Maniakes during the attempted Byzantine reconquest of Sicily, only to turn against their employers when the emirs proved difficult to conquer.
Chasseurs Alpins during the Occupation of the Ruhr in Buer (now Gelsenkirchen), 1923. Vichy-era recruitment poster for the 13th Battalion. France created a mountain corps in the late 19th century to oppose any Italian invasion through the Alps.
Ruses de guerre are described from ancient to modern times, both in semi-mythical accounts such as the story of the Trojan Horse in Virgil's Aeneid, and in well-documented events such as the flying of the American flag by the British ocean liner RMS Lusitania in 1915 (whilst the United States was a neutral country) to deter attack by German ...
Cabinet wars, derived from the German expression Kabinettskriege (German: [kabiˈnɛtsˌkʁiːɡə], singular Kabinettskrieg), is a historical term to describe the shift in Europe from the regular, limited, aristocratic conflicts of the eighteenth century to total war following the French Revolution. [1]