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Chronic hepatitis C is defined as infection with the hepatitis C virus persisting for more than six months based on the presence of its RNA. [18] Chronic infections are typically asymptomatic during the first few decades, [ 18 ] and thus are most commonly discovered following the investigation of elevated liver enzyme levels or during a routine ...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is a multi-faceted, chronic condition that significantly impacts public health.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 2 to 15% of those infected with HIV are also affected by HCV, increasing their risk of morbidity and mortality due to accelerated liver disease.
A major risk for the development of HCC is persistent infection with HCV, and the highest risk for HCC development is associated with co-infection of HBV with HDV, HCV or HIV. [27] Risk factors that can lead to the development of HCC in those with chronic HCV include synchronous liver diseases, viral genotype, diabetes mellitus, and obesity ...
[166] [167] In a recent study by the WHO, the likelihood of being infected with hepatitis C virus was six times greater in those who also had HIV. [167] The prevalence of HIV-HCV co-infection worldwide was estimated to be 6.2% representing more than 2.2 million people. [167] Intravenous drug use was an independent risk factor for HCV infection ...
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) [3] is a small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. The hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer ( hepatocellular carcinoma , abbreviated HCC) and lymphomas in humans.
However, it is important to note that the risk factors for HCC varies by geographic region. For example, in China, chronic HBV infection and aflatoxin are the largest risk factors; whereas, in Mongolia, it is a combination of HBV and HCV co-infection and high levels of alcohol use that are driving the high levels of HCC. [55]
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