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The color change to blue is useful because growth on Simmons' citrate agar is often limited and would be hard to observe if it were not for the color change. Sometimes, it is possible to detect growth on the Simmons' citrate agar without the accompanying color change to blue. This should be scored as a negative for the citrate use test. [12]
The identification of synexpression groups has affected the way some scientists view evolutionary change in higher eukaryotes. [1] Since groups of genes involved in the same biological process often share one or more common control elements, it has been suggested that the differential expression of these synexpression groups in different tissues of organisms can contribute to co-evolution ...
The enzyme encoded by the MCAT gene, along with other enzymes that regulate Malonyl-CoA concentration, have been shown to regulate levels such that malonyl-CoA concentration decreases in human muscle tissue when under exercise training. This enzyme specifically has increased activity under these conditions, as it is known to catabolize malonyl-CoA.
Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, [1] includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental ...
Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus where DNA is packaged into nucleosomes and higher order chromatin structures. The complexity of the eukaryotic genome necessitates a great variety and complexity of gene expression control. Eukaryotic transcription proceeds in three sequential stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. [1]
A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes. [1] Activators are considered to have positive control over gene expression, as they function to promote gene transcription and, in some cases, are required for the transcription of genes to occur.
Polymorphism in this particular sequence has both positive and negative effects on the efficiency of base-pairing and subsequent protein expression. [2] Initiation is also regulated by proteins known as initiation factors which provide kinetic assistance to the binding between the initiation codon and tRNA fMet , which supplies the 3'-UAC-5 ...
In the absence of coherent gene expression, cells take longer to exit G1 and a significant fraction even arrest before S phase, highlighting the importance of positive feedback in sharpening the G1/S switch. The G1/S cell cycle checkpoint controls the passage of eukaryotic cells from the first gap phase, G1, into the DNA synthesis phase, S.