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giving the basic form of Brahmagupta's formula. It follows from the latter equation that the area of a cyclic quadrilateral is the maximum possible area for any quadrilateral with the given side lengths. A related formula, which was proved by Coolidge, also gives the area of a general convex quadrilateral. It is [2]
In geometry, Brahmagupta's theorem states that if a cyclic quadrilateral is orthodiagonal (that is, has perpendicular diagonals), then the perpendicular to a side from the point of intersection of the diagonals always bisects the opposite side. [1] It is named after the Indian mathematician Brahmagupta (598-668). [2]
If also d = 0, the cyclic quadrilateral becomes a triangle and the formula is reduced to Heron's formula. The cyclic quadrilateral has maximal area among all quadrilaterals having the same side lengths (regardless of sequence). This is another corollary to Bretschneider's formula.
Bretschneider's formula generalizes Brahmagupta's formula for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral, which in turn generalizes Heron's formula for the area of a triangle.. The trigonometric adjustment in Bretschneider's formula for non-cyclicality of the quadrilateral can be rewritten non-trigonometrically in terms of the sides and the diagonals e and f to give [2] [3]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 4 January 2025. Indian mathematician and astronomer (598–668) Brahmagupta Born c. 598 CE Bhillamala, Gurjaradesa, Chavda kingdom (modern day Bhinmal, Rajasthan, India) Died c. 668 CE (aged c. 69–70) Ujjain, Chalukya Empire (modern day Madhya Pradesh, India) Known for Rules for computing with Zero ...
Heron's formula can be obtained from Brahmagupta's formula or Bretschneider's formula by setting one of the sides of the quadrilateral to zero. Brahmagupta's formula gives the area of a cyclic quadrilateral whose sides have lengths , , , as = () () where = (+ + +) is the semiperimeter. Heron's formula is ...
[1] [2] [3] The triangle whose side lengths are 3, 4, 5 is a Brahmagupta triangle and so also is the triangle whose side lengths are 13, 14, 15. The Brahmagupta triangle is a special case of the Heronian triangle which is a triangle whose side lengths and area are all positive integers but the side lengths need not necessarily be consecutive ...
A convex quadrilateral is cyclic if and only if opposite angles sum to 180°. Right kite: a kite with two opposite right angles. It is a type of cyclic quadrilateral. Harmonic quadrilateral: a cyclic quadrilateral such that the products of the lengths of the opposing sides are equal. Bicentric quadrilateral: it is both tangential and cyclic.