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A process with two threads of execution, running on one processor Program vs. Process vs. Thread Scheduling, Preemption, Context Switching. In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system. [1]
Program vs. Process vs. Thread Scheduling, Preemption, Context Switching. In computing, a process is the instance of a computer program that is being executed by one or many threads.
Cycle i: instructions j and j + 1 from thread A and instruction k from thread B are simultaneously issued. Cycle i + 1: instruction j + 2 from thread A, instruction k + 1 from thread B, and instruction m from thread C are all simultaneously issued. Cycle i + 2: instruction j + 3 from thread A and instructions m + 1 and m + 2 from thread C are ...
This introduces the concept of a thread. A thread may be viewed as a sub-process; that is, a separate, independent sequence of execution within the code of one process. Threads are becoming increasingly important in the design of distributed and client–server systems and in software run on multi-processor systems.
Thus, threads are effectively processes that run in the same memory context and share other resources with their parent processes, such as open files. Threads are described as lightweight processes because switching between threads does not involve changing the memory context. [12] [13] [14]
Switching between threads of a single process can be faster than between two separate processes because threads share the same virtual memory maps, so a TLB flush is not necessary. [ 8 ] The time to switch between two separate processes is called the process switching latency .
The term is ambiguous; precise alternative terms include process, light-weight process, thread (for execution), step, request, or query (for work). In the adjacent diagram, there are queues of incoming work to do and outgoing completed work, and a thread pool of threads to perform this work. Either the work units themselves or the threads that ...
Task parallelism emphasizes the distributed (parallelized) nature of the processing (i.e. threads), as opposed to the data (data parallelism). Most real programs fall somewhere on a continuum between task parallelism and data parallelism. [3] Thread-level parallelism (TLP) is the parallelism inherent in an application that runs multiple threads ...