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The Vaughan Williams classification [1] was introduced in 1970 by Miles Vaughan Williams. [2] Vaughan Williams was a pharmacology tutor at Hertford College, Oxford. One of his students, Bramah N. Singh, [3] contributed to the development of the classification system.
Losartan, the first ARB. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), formally angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT 1) antagonists, [1] also known as angiotensin receptor blockers, [2] [3] angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or AT 1 receptor antagonists, are a group of pharmaceuticals that bind to and inhibit the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT 1) and thereby block the arteriolar contraction and ...
About 16% of the population is estimated to be affected by major depression, and another 1% is affected by bipolar disorder, one or more times throughout an individual's lifetime. The presence of the common symptoms of these disorders are collectively called 'depressive syndrome' and includes a long-lasting depressed mood , feelings of guilt ...
In medicine and pharmacology, a trough level or trough concentration (C trough) is the concentration reached by a drug immediately before the next dose is administered, [1] [2] often used in therapeutic drug monitoring.
[1] [2] These agents inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system by selectively blocking the binding of ACh to its receptor in nerve cells . The nerve fibers of the parasympathetic system are responsible for the involuntary movement of smooth muscles present in the gastrointestinal tract , urinary tract , lungs , sweat glands , and many other ...
Aminoglutethimide (AG), sold under the brand names Elipten, Cytadren, and Orimeten among others, is a medication which has been used in the treatment of seizures, Cushing's syndrome, breast cancer, and prostate cancer, among other indications.
Besides mirtazapine, they also block the α 1-adrenergic receptor [citation needed]. Conversely, whereas TCAs have relatively low affinity for the α 2 -adrenergic receptor , mianserin and mirtazapine potently antagonize this receptor, and this action is thought to be involved in their antidepressant effects [ citation needed ] .
For many years dual treatment with the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor aspirin and clopidogrel was routine practice and served as the main antiplatelet agents for the prevention of thrombotic events as they have the capability to powerfully manipulate platelet biology, which plays a central part in thrombosis.