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Taurine is synthesized naturally in the human liver from methionine and cysteine. [5] Taurine is commonly sold as a dietary supplement, but there is no good clinical evidence that taurine supplements provide any benefit to human health. [6] Taurine is used as a food additive for cats (who require it as an essential nutrient), dogs, and poultry. [7]
Taurine transporter (TauT; SLC6A6) GAT1 and GAT3 are the major GABA transporters in the brain and spinal cord, expressed by both neurons and some astrocytes. [4] GAT2 and BGT1 are also expressed in the brain, but at low levels and mostly in the meninges. GAT2 also transports taurine, while BGT1 transports betaine.
The only difference noted so far is a slight elevation of brain Taurine levels. [2] This was an unexpected finding, but is in agreement with the notion that GAT2 permits efflux of GABA and taurine from the brain to circulating blood through the blood brain barrier. [ 3 ]
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Why is taurine in energy drinks and is it always safe to drink? We break down this ingredient that's present in many energy drinks.
In the brain of a mature mammal, glutamate is converted to GABA by the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) along with the addition of vitamin B6. GABA is then packed and released into the post-synaptic terminals of neurons after synthesis. GABA can also be used to form succinate, which is involved in the citric acid cycle.
In support of this theory, previous research suggests that the foods we eat, particularly sources of antioxidants and dietary fats, can directly impact brain health. These nutrients can cross the ...
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between the circulatory system and the central nervous system, thus protecting the brain from harmful or unwanted substances in the blood. [1]