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Tartarus is the place where, according to Plato's Gorgias (c. 400 BC), souls are judged after death and where the wicked received divine punishment. Tartarus appears in early Greek cosmology, such as in Hesiod's Theogony, where the personified Tartarus is described as one of the earliest beings to exist, alongside Chaos and Gaia (Earth).
Hesiod's Theogony, (c. 700 BC) which could be considered the "standard" creation myth of Greek mythology, [1] tells the story of the genesis of the gods. After invoking the Muses (II.1–116), Hesiod says the world began with the spontaneous generation of four beings: first arose Chaos (Chasm); then came Gaia (the Earth), "the ever-sure foundation of all"; "dim" Tartarus (the Underworld), in ...
Peafowl then again human: Artemis Aphrodite made both Zeus and Adonis to fall in love with Erinoma, a Cypriot girl who preferred chastity over men. Adonis, after failing to win her affections, entered her bedroom with Aphrodite's help and raped her. Artemis then transformed her into a peahen, but later restored her to her previous human form.
Spartae is generally depicted as skeletal beings with some form of weapon and military attire. Sphinx. Androsphinx or simply Sphinx: a creature with the head of a human and the body of a lion. [4] Criosphinx: a creature with the head of a ram and the body of a lion. [4] Hieracosphinx: a creature with the head of a hawk and the body of a lion. [4]
Near the edges of the earth is a region inhabited by fantastical creatures, monsters, and quasi-human beings. [6] Once one reaches the ends of the earth they find it to be surrounded by and delimited by an ocean (), [7] [8] as is seen in the Babylonian Map of the World, although there is one main difference between the Babylonian and early Greek view: Oceanus is a river and so has an outer ...
In some Greek sources Tartarus is another name for the underworld (serving as a metonym for Hades), while in others it is a completely distinct realm separate from the underworld. Hesiod most famously describes Tartarus as being as far beneath the underworld as the earth is beneath the sky. [45]
He mated in deep Tartarus with dark Chaos, winged like himself, and thus hatched forth our race, which was the first to see the light. That of the Immortals did not exist until Eros had brought together all the ingredients of the world, and from their marriage Heaven, Ocean, Earth, and the imperishable race of blessed gods sprang into being.
According to Hesiod's Theogony (c. 8th – 7th century BC), Typhon was the son of Gaia (Earth) and Tartarus: "when Zeus had driven the Titans from heaven, huge Earth bore her youngest child Typhoeus of the love of Tartarus, by the aid of golden Aphrodite". [2]