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The negligible S wave velocity in the outer core occurs because it is liquid, while in the solid inner core the S wave velocity is non-zero. For the purpose of this explanation, a solid medium is considered isotropic if its strain (deformation) in response to stress is the same in all directions.
The Sun is said to be at the nadir at a location when it is at the zenith at the location's antipode and is 90° below the horizon. Nadir also refers to the downward-facing viewing geometry of an orbiting satellite, [2] such as is employed during remote sensing of the atmosphere, as well as when an astronaut faces the Earth while performing a ...
Philip Pearle's 1976 paper pioneered the quantum nonlinear stochastic equations to model the collapse of the wave function in a dynamical way; [4]: 477 [5] [6] [7] this formalism was later used for the CSL model. However, these models lacked the character of “universality” of the dynamics, i.e. its applicability to an arbitrary physical ...
Inspired by Debye's remark, Schrödinger decided to find a proper 3-dimensional wave equation for the electron. He was guided by William Rowan Hamilton 's analogy between mechanics and optics , encoded in the observation that the zero-wavelength limit of optics resembles a mechanical system—the trajectories of light rays become sharp tracks ...
In 1996 philosopher of science Arthur Fine gave an in-depth analysis of possible interpretations of Bohm's model of 1952. [106] William Simpson has suggested a hylomorphic interpretation of Bohmian mechanics, in which the cosmos is an Aristotelian substance composed of material particles and a substantial form. The wave function is assigned a ...
For shallow water, with wavelengths longer than 4.6 times the water depth, the nonlinearity parameter ะบ is positive and wave groups with envelope solitons do not exist. In shallow water surface-elevation solitons or waves of translation do exist, but they are not governed by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
The s z parameter, unlike r and t, is a discrete variable. For example, for a spin-1/2 particle, s z can only be +1/2 or −1/2, and not any other value. (In general, for spin s, s z can be s, s − 1, ..., −s + 1, −s). Inserting each quantum number gives a complex valued function of space and time, there are 2s + 1 of them.
In the framework of many-body quantum mechanics, models solvable by the Bethe ansatz can be contrasted with free fermion models. One can say that the dynamics of a free model is one-body reducible: the many-body wave function for fermions is the anti-symmetrized (symmetrized) product of one-body wave functions.