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  2. Sublimation (phase transition) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition)

    In order to transfer the image from the paper to the substrate, it requires a heat press process that is a combination of time, temperature and pressure. The heat press applies this special combination, which can change depending on the substrate, to “transfer” the sublimation dyes at the molecular level into the substrate.

  3. Freeze drying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeze_drying

    Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation, is a low temperature dehydration process [1] that involves freezing the product and lowering pressure, thereby removing the ice by sublimation. [2] This is in contrast to dehydration by most conventional methods that evaporate water using heat. [3]

  4. Sublimatory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimatory

    A sublimatory [1] [2] or sublimation apparatus is equipment, commonly laboratory glassware, for purification of compounds by selective sublimation. In principle, the operation resembles purification by distillation , except that the products do not pass through a liquid phase .

  5. Mpemba effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpemba_effect

    Microbubble-induced heat transfer: The process of boiling induced microbubbles in water that remain stably suspended as the water cools, then act by convection to transfer heat more quickly as the water cools. [20] [21] Evaporation: The evaporation of the warmer water reduces the mass of the water to be frozen. [22]

  6. Heat transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer

    Phase change examples are the melting of ice or the boiling of water. The Mason equation explains the growth of a water droplet based on the effects of heat transport on evaporation and condensation. Phase transitions involve the four fundamental states of matter: Solid – Deposition, freezing, and solid-to-solid transformation.

  7. Vaporization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporization

    Evaporation is a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor (a state of substance below critical temperature) that occurs at temperatures below the boiling temperature at a given pressure. Evaporation occurs on the surface. Evaporation only occurs when the partial pressure of vapor of a substance is less than the equilibrium vapor pressure ...

  8. Freezing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing

    Freezing is a common method of food preservation that slows both food decay and the growth of micro-organisms. Besides the effect of lower temperatures on reaction rates, freezing makes water less available for bacteria growth. Freezing is a widely used method of food preservation. Freezing generally preserves flavours, smell and nutritional ...

  9. Close-space sublimation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-space_sublimation

    Closed space sublimation is a method of producing thin-films, esp. cadmium telluride photovoltaics, though it is used for other materials like antimony triselenide. [1] Diagram showing working principle of CSS. It is a type of physical vapor deposition where the substrate to be coated and the source material are held close to one another. They ...