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Valve interstitial cells (VIC), cardiac valve interstitial cells, or also known as valvular interstitial cells (VICs), are the most prevalent cells in the heart valve leaflets, which are a type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and are responsible for maintaining the extracellular matrix that provides the mechanical properties of the heart valve.
The use of hECTs in generating tissue engineered heart valves is also being explored to improve current heart valve constructs for in vivo animal studies. [20] As tissue engineering technology advances to overcome current limitations, hECTs are a promising avenue for experimental drug discovery, screening and disease modelling and in vivo repair.
Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) offer a new and advancing proposed treatment of creating a living heart valve for people who are in need of either a full or partial heart valve replacement. Currently, there are over a quarter of a million prosthetic heart valves implanted annually, [ 1 ] and the number of patients requiring replacement ...
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of blood stem cells derived from the bone marrow (that is, bone marrow transplantation) or blood. Stem cell transplantation is a medical procedure in the fields of hematology and oncology , most often performed for people with diseases of the blood , bone marrow , or certain ...
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are required for neural crest cell migration into the cardiac cushions (precursors to heart valves and septa) and for differentiation of neural crest cells to smooth muscle cells of the aortic arch arteries. In neural crest–specific Alk2-deficient embryos, the cardiac cushions of the outflow tract are ...
Endogenous cardiac stem cells were first discovered in 2003 by Bernardo Nadal-Ginard, Piero Anversa and colleagues [2] [3] in the adult rat heart and since then have been identified and isolated from mouse, dog, porcine and human hearts. [4] [5] The adult heart was previously thought to be a post mitotic organ without any regenerative capability.
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