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The basal-like carcinoma is a recently proposed subtype of breast cancer defined by its gene expression and protein expression profile. [ 1 ] Breast cancer can be divided into five molecular subtypes, including luminal subtype A, luminal subtype B, normal breast-like subtype, HER-2 overexpression subtype, and basal-like subtype. [ 2 ]
Peto's paradox is the observation that, at the species level, the incidence of cancer does not appear to correlate with the number of cells in an organism. [1] For example, the incidence of cancer in humans is much higher than the incidence of cancer in whales, [2] despite whales having more cells than humans.
Basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), also known as basal-cell cancer, basalioma [7] or rodent ulcer, [8] is the most common type of skin cancer. [2] It often appears as a painless raised area of skin, which may be shiny with small blood vessels running over it. [1] It may also present as a raised area with ulceration. [1]
Portnoy went on to say that it was “only a basal,” referring to a type of skin cancer called basal cell carcinoma that starts in the basal cells, a type of cell within the skin that produces ...
Colon cancer provides one example of the mechanisms by which diet, the top factor listed in the table, is an external factor in cancer. The Western diet of African Americans in the United States is associated with a yearly colon cancer rate of 65 per 100,000 individuals, while the high fiber/low fat diet of rural Native Africans in South Africa is associated with a yearly colon cancer rate of ...
Across wild animals, there is still limited data on cancer. Nonetheless, a study published in 2022, explored cancer risk in (non-domesticated) zoo mammals, belonging to 191 species, 110,148 individual, demonstrated that cancer is a ubiquitous disease of mammals and it can emerge anywhere along the mammalian phylogeny. [270]
Not all basal-cell cancers originate in the basal cells but they are so named because the cancer cells resemble basal cells when seen under a microscope. [ 4 ] In a growing fetus, fingerprints form where the cells of the stratum basale meet the papillae of the underlying papillary layer of the dermis , resulting in the formation of the ridges ...
The central role of DNA damage and epigenetic defects in DNA repair genes in carcinogenesis. DNA damage is considered to be the primary cause of cancer. [17] More than 60,000 new naturally-occurring instances of DNA damage arise, on average, per human cell, per day, due to endogenous cellular processes (see article DNA damage (naturally occurring)).