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Thereby tight junction conducts signaling molecules, that influence the differentiation, proliferation and polarity of cells. So tight junction plays a key role in maintenance of osmotic balance and trans-cellular transport of tissue specific molecules. Nowadays is known more than 40 different proteins, that are involved in these selective TJ ...
TEM of rat kidney tissue shows a protein dense tight junction (three dark lines) at ~55,000x magnification. Tight junctions provide endothelial and epithelial cells with barrier function, which can be further subdivided into protective barriers and functional barriers serving purposes such as material transport and maintenance of osmotic ...
Diagram of Tight junction. Occludin is a transmembrane protein that regulates the permeability of epithelial and endothelial barriers. It was first identified in epithelial cells as a 65 kDa integral plasma-membrane protein localized at the tight junctions. [5]
Claudins are a family of proteins which, along with occludin, are the most important components of the tight junctions (zonulae occludentes). [1] [2] Tight junctions establish the paracellular barrier that controls the flow of molecules in the intercellular space between the cells of an epithelium.
JAM-1 was the first of the junctional adhesion molecules to be discovered, and is located in the tight junctions of both epithelial and endothelial cells. [8] JAM-1interacts with cells in a homophilic manner in order to preserve the structure of the junction while moderating its permeability.
Pericytes are responsible for tight junction formation and vesicle trafficking amongst endothelial cells. Furthermore, they allow the formation of the blood–brain barrier by inhibiting the effects of CNS immune cells (which can damage the formation of the barrier) and by reducing the expression of molecules that increase vascular permeability.
Claudin-16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN16 gene. [5] [6] It belongs to the group of claudins.Tight junctions represent one mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial or endothelial cell sheets, forming continuous seals around cells and serving as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space.
Cell junctions are especially abundant in epithelial tissues. Combined with cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix, cell junctions help hold animal cells together. Cell junctions are also especially important in enabling communication between neighboring cells via specialized protein complexes called communicating (gap) junctions ...