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The concept of communicative competence, as developed in linguistics, originated in response to perceived inadequacy of the notion of linguistic competence.That is, communicative competence encompasses a language user's grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, but reconceives this knowledge as a functional, social understanding of how and when to use utterances ...
Hymes did not make a concrete formulation of communicative competence, but subsequent authors, notably Michael Canale, have tied the concept to language teaching. [12] Canale and Swain (1980) defined communicative competence in terms of three components: grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, and
Dell Hathaway Hymes (June 7, 1927, in Portland, Oregon – November 13, 2009, in Charlottesville, Virginia) was a linguist, sociolinguist, anthropologist, and folklorist who established disciplinary foundations for the comparative, ethnographic study of language use.
Dell Hymes proposed the ethnography of communication as an approach towards analyzing patterns of language use within speech communities, in order to provide support for his idea of communicative competence, which itself was a reaction to Noam Chomsky's distinction between linguistic competence and linguistic performance. [3]
He drew from a previous linguistic anthropologist Hymes (1972) term of "communicative competence" in that social expectations within a speech community shape the member's use of language. [9] Thus, diverse backgrounds in language have a different set of expectations that a member conforms to. As language differs, so does the developmental ...
Competence is the collection of subconscious rules that one knows when one knows a language; performance is the system which puts these rules to use. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] This distinction is related to the broader notion of Marr's levels used in other cognitive sciences, with competence corresponding to Marr's computational level.
In spite of the flurry of interest in the GLL in the mid to late 70s, in the 80s and 90s interest moved more in the direction of socio/cultural influences [7] and individual differences, [8] as well as developing the concept of communicative competence [9] into a communicative approach to language teaching.
Communicative competence: the ability to communicate adequately, both verbally and nonverbally. Linguistic competence: the mastery of a specific language, including grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. This list is not exhaustive. Competence typologies cover a wide range, with new typologies emerging regularly to address specific contexts.