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Kinnor (Hebrew: כִּנּוֹר kīnnōr) is an ancient Israelite musical instrument in the yoke lutes family, the first one to be mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.. Its exact identification is unclear, but in the modern day it is generally translated as "harp" or "lyre", [2]: 440 and associated with a type of lyre depicted in Israelite imagery, particularly the Bar Kokhba coins.
An instrument called the kinnor is mentioned a number of times in the Bible, generally translated into English as "harp" or "psaltery", but historically rendered as "cithara". Psalm 42 in the Latin Vulgate (Psalm 43 in other versions), says, "Confitebor tibi in cithara, Deus, Deus meus," [11] which is translated in the Douay-Rheims version as
The earliest reference to the word "lyre" is the Mycenaean Greek ru-ra-ta-e, meaning "lyrists" and written in the Linear B script. [5] In classical Greek, the word "lyre" could either refer specifically to an amateur instrument, which is a smaller version of the professional cithara and eastern-Aegean barbiton, or "lyre" can refer generally to all three instruments as a family. [6]
In the 9th century, one of the instruments that cythara was actively used to name was a large plucked or strummed instrument; pictures show it being played with a plectrum. [2] Pictures of the instrument illustrated in the Stuttgart Psalter all have the word "cythara" near the instrument in the text. [2]
A halil is an ancient Jewish reed instrument. It is similar to the Greek aulos. [1] The instrument is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament in 1 Samuel 10:5, 1 Kings 1: 40, Isaiah 5:12, Isaiah 30:29, and Jeremiah 48:36. . Modern English-language editions of the Bible usually translate it as flute or pipe.
A discipline is a small scourge (whip) used as an instrument of penance by certain members of some Christian denominations (including Roman Catholics, Anglicans, [1] among others) [2] in the spiritual discipline known as mortification of the flesh. Many disciplines comprise seven cords, symbolizing the seven deadly sins and seven virtues.
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In the King James Version asor is translated "an instrument of ten strings", with a marginal note "omit" applied to "instrument". In the Septuagint , the word being derived from a root signifying "ten", the Greek is ἐν δεκαχορδῷ or ψαλτήριον δεκάχορδον , in the Vulgate in decachordo psalterio .