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Edge of a 35-mm film print showing four types of soundtrack. The stereo optical sound strip is located on the right, with waveforms for left and right channels ...
Fox/Western Electric (Westrex) Movietone, are variable-density formats of sound film. (No longer used, but still playable on modern 35 mm projectors.) Tri-Ergon, another variable-density format prevalent in Germany and Europe until the 1940s. The US patent rights of this Berlin based company were bought by William Fox in 1926, leading to a ...
Dolby Stereo is a sound format made by Dolby Laboratories.It is a unified brand for two completely different basic systems: the Dolby SVA (stereo variable-area) 1976 system used with optical sound tracks on 35mm film, [1] and Dolby Stereo 70mm noise reduction on 6-channel magnetic soundtracks on 70mm prints.
RCA Photophone was an optical sound, "variable-area" film exposure system, in which the modulated area (width) corresponded to the waveform of the audio signal. The four other major technologies were the Warner Bros. Vitaphone sound-on-disc system, as well as three "variable-density" sound-on-film systems, Lee De Forest 's Phonofilm , and Fox ...
The Case Research Lab's sound system substantially impacted industry standards. For instance, it positioned the optical sound 20 frames ahead of the accompanying image. [3] [4] [5] The SMPTE standard for 35 mm sound film is +21 frames for optical, but a 46-foot theatre reduces this to +20 frames.
The pallophotophone was an optical sound system which could record and play back audio tracks on a strip of 35 mm black-and-white photographic film. [1] Separate recording and playback units were employed.
Dolby SR is used in many modern professional audio analogue (i.e., tape) recordings by recording and postproduction engineers, broadcasters, and other audio professionals. It is used as the optical analog format on almost all 35mm film release prints, and is always the accompanying optical analog format when Dolby Digital is present.
Consequently, all optical sound formats must be offset from the image because the sound reader is usually located above (for magnetic readers and most digital optical readers) or below (for analog optical readers and a few digital optical) the projector head. See the 35 mm film article for more information on both digital and analog methods.