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Women working in these munitions factories were called "Munitionettes", or were nicknamed "Canaries", because of the yellow skin which came from working with toxic chemicals. [33] Women working in munitions factories were mainly from working-class families, between the ages of 18 and 29 years. [34] [35] They were involved in the making of ...
The Second Line of Defense: American Women and World War I (U of North Carolina Press, 2017). xvi, 340 pp. Greenwald, Maurine W. Women, War, and Work: The Impact of World War I on Women Workers in the United States (1990) ISBN 0313213550; Jensen, Kimberly. Mobilizing Minerva: American Women in the First World War. Urbana: University of Illinois ...
The British textile and clothing trades, in particular, employed far more women than men and were regarded as 'women's work.' [11] By 1914 nearly. 5.09 million out of the 23.8 million women in Britain were working. [12] Thousands worked in munitions factories (see Canary Girl, Gretna Girls), offices, and large hangars to build aircraft. [1]
Since most working age men were joining the military to fight in the war, women were required to take on the factory jobs that were traditionally held by men. [2] By the end of the war, there were almost three million women working in factories, around a third of whom were employed in the manufacture of munitions.
Hello Girls operating switchboards at general headquarters in Chaumont, France (November 5, 1918). Hello Girls was the colloquial name for American female switchboard operators in World War I, formally known as the Signal Corps Female Telephone Operators Unit.
The Gretna Girls was a collective nickname given to women munition workers at HM Factory Gretna in World War One. By June 1917, roughly 80% of the weaponry and ammunition used by the British army during World War I was being made by munitionettes.
The Gretna Girls were a small part of the one million women who worked in munitions during World War One. [2] The makeup of The Gretna Girls reflected the countrywide trends for munitions workers: the majority were working class young women. [3]
During WWI (1914-1918), large numbers of women were recruited into jobs that had either been vacated by men who had gone to fight in the war, or had been created as part of the war effort. The high demand for weapons and the overall wartime situation resulted in munitions factories collectively becoming the largest employer of American women by ...