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One of the major perceptual signs of vocal fold nodules is a change in the quality of the voice. [1] The voice may be perceived as hoarse, [4] [5] due to aperiodic vibrations of the vocal folds, [5] and may also be perceived as breathy, [4] [5] due to an incomplete closure of the vocal folds upon phonation.
The lifetime risk of hoarse voice complaints among primary care patients is 30%. [13] Since hoarseness is a general symptom, it is associated with a number of laryngeal diagnoses. [13] There is an interplay of sex and age differences associated with dysphonia. The point prevalence of dysphonia in adults under the age of 65 is 6.6%. [20]
Anti-reflux medications may be prescribed for patients with signs of chronic laryngitis and hoarse voice. [24] If anti-reflux treatment does not result in a decrease of symptoms, other possible causes should be examined. [1] Over-the-counter medications for neutralizing acids and acid suppressants (H-2 blockers) may be used. [7]
Epiglottitis is the inflammation of the epiglottis—the flap at the base of the tongue that prevents food entering the trachea (windpipe). [7] Symptoms are usually rapid in onset and include trouble swallowing which can result in drooling, changes to the voice, fever, and an increased breathing rate.
The swelling of the vocal folds causes the voice to become deep and hoarse. Therefore, the major symptom of Reinke's edema is a hoarseness similar to laryngitis. The major cause associated with Reinke's edema is smoking. In fact, 97 percent of patients diagnosed with Reinke's edema are habitual smokers.
[citation needed] Among adult patients, women tend to be diagnosed more often. [10] Among children and teenage patients, VCD has been linked with high participation in competitive sports and family orientation towards high achievement. [citation needed] Vocal cord dysfunction co-occurs with asthma approximately 40% of the time. [11]
Symptoms of spasmodic dysphonia can come on suddenly or gradually appear over the span of years. They can come and go for hours or even weeks at a time, or remain consistent. Gradual onset can begin with the manifestation of a hoarse voice quality, which may later transform into a voice quality described as strained with breaks in phonation. [6]
Vocal cord paresis, also known as recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis or vocal fold paralysis, is an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), which control all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle.