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Under English law, restraining clauses in employment contracts are enforceable if: [citation needed] There is a legitimate interest which needs to be protected. Examples of such interests include business connections and business secrets. The restraint is reasonable, i.e. sufficiently protects the interest and goes no further.
Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. v. United States, 175 U.S. 211 (1899), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that for a restraint of trade to be lawful, it must be ancillary to the main purpose of a lawful contract. A naked restraint on trade is unlawful; it is not a defense that the restraint is reasonable.
Following Nordenfelt restraint of trade clauses were prima facie void at common law, but they may be deemed valid if three conditions are met: the terms seek to protect a legitimate interest; the terms are reasonable in scope from the viewpoint of the parties involved; the terms are reasonable in scope from the viewpoint of public policy.
The court found the restraint of trade clause was unreasonable, and modified it to excluding operating within 5 miles, for 3 years. Somers J said "The provisions of s 8 were intended to overcome the annihilating effect of the common law rules about excessive restraints and to alter those rules as to severance".
The Court recognized that "taken literally," the term "restraint of trade" could refer to any number of normal or usual contracts that do not harm the public. The Court embarked on a lengthy exegesis of English authorities relevant to the meaning of the term "restraint of trade." Based on this review, the Court concluded that the term ...
The court found that this was not true, but stated that not every "restraint of trade" in a literal sense could be unlawful. Just as under the common law, the restraint of trade had to be "unreasonable". In Chicago Board of Trade v. United States the Supreme Court found a "good" restraint of trade. [47]
China's senior diplomat Wang Yi told U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on Saturday that recent U.S. words and actions had harmed the interests of China and its enterprises, and that Washington ...
the leading case on restraint of trade is Magna Alloys and Research ( SA) (PTY) Ltd Vs Ellis 1984 (4) 874 ( A). The Law on agreements in restraint of trade has changed as a result of this decision. Prior to the Magna Alloys case, South African courts have accepted that an agreement in restraint of trade is contrary to public policy and ...