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Bladder cancer prognosis varies based on how widespread the cancer is at the time of diagnosis. For those with tumors confined to the innermost layer of the bladder (stage 0 disease), 96% are still alive five years from diagnosis. Those whose tumors have spread to nearby lymph nodes (stage 3 disease) have worse prognoses; 36% survive at least ...
Transitional epithelium is a type of ... becomes non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in ... advanced bladder cancer or disease, also often look to bladder ...
It accounts for 95% of bladder cancer cases and bladder cancer is in the top 10 most common malignancy disease in the world and is associated with approximately 200,000 deaths per year in the US. [2] [3] It is the second most common type of kidney cancer, but accounts for only five to 10 percent of all primary renal malignant tumors. [4]
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Cancer can be considered a very large and exceptionally heterogeneous family of malignant diseases, with squamous-cell carcinomas comprising one of the largest subsets. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] All SCC lesions are thought to begin via the repeated, uncontrolled division of cancer stem cells of epithelial lineage or characteristics.
Common sites for squamous metaplasia include the bladder and cervix. Smokers often exhibit squamous metaplasia in the linings of their airways. These changes don't signify a specific disease, but rather usually represent the body's response to stress or irritation. Vitamin A deficiency or overdose can also lead to squamous metaplasia. [1]
[1] [2] It originates from tissue lining the inner surface of these hollow organs - transitional epithelium. [3] [4] The invading tumors can extend from the kidney collecting system to the bladder. [5] Carcinoma (from the Greek karkinos, or "crab", and -oma, "growth") is a type of cancer. [6]
Three types may occur in urine: squamous epithelial cells, transitional epithelial cells and renal tubular epithelial cells. Some laboratories do not distinguish between the three types of cells and simply report "epithelial cells" in general. [104] Squamous epithelial cells line the urethra, as well as the vagina and the